El apagón de España fué un ciberataque ruso

There is some limited evidence within the provided text sources that could be interpreted as indirectly supporting the claim that the Spanish blackout was a Russian cyberattack. Text source [1] mentions that Spain’s highest criminal court, the Audiencia Nacional, opened an investigation to determine whether “an act of computer sabotage” could have been perpetrated “against critical Spanish infrastructure," and a judge stated that cyberterrorism was "among the possible explanations” for the blackout. This suggests an official consideration of cyberattack as a potential cause. Text source provides general information about various types of cyberwarfare used by Russia against many nations, including denial-of-service attacks and hacker attacks. Furthermore, text source generally warns about Russian state-sponsored cyber threats against critical infrastructure and mentions that “Evolving intelligence indicates that the Russian government is exploring options for potential cyberattacks.” Moreover, it details historical and recent cyber operations by various Russian government and military organizations targeting IT and OT networks, including destructive malware deployment. However, it is important to note that none of these points directly confirm Russian involvement in the specific Spanish blackout incident. However, the provided text sources contain substantial evidence refuting the claim that the Spanish blackout was a Russian cyberattack. Multiple official sources explicitly ruled out a cyberattack as the cause. Text source [1] states that “energy providers in Spain and Portugal concluded that a cyber-attack was not to blame for the loss of power.” Similarly, Spain's electricity operator, Red Eléctrica, said the blackout was not the result of a targeted attack, with the operator’s head of services, Eduardo Prieto, stating that preliminary investigations meant “we can rule out a cybersecurity incident” and that there was nothing to suggest “there was any kind of intrusion into the Red Eléctrica control system” . Text source quotes the president of Spain's national electricity grid, Red Eléctrica, Beatriz Corredor, who “ruled out the theory that a cyberattack caused the power outage”. Instead, Red Eléctrica attributed the blackout to two consecutive “disconnection events” that pointed to a “generation disconnection” originating in southwest Spain . Text source also quotes a Portuguese government spokesperson stating, “In Portugal, we have no information related to a cyber-attack or a hostile act at this stage,” adding that there seemed to be an issue in the power transmission network in Spain. Text source reiterates that the Spanish grid operator has ruled out a cyberattack, with Red Eléctrica’s operations director Eduardo Prieto stating preliminary findings suggest “there was no kind of interference in the control systems” to imply an attack. Moreover, despite potential geopolitical tensions , there is no direct evidence linking Russia to the blackout. Based on the available evidence, the claim that the Spanish blackout was a Russian cyberattack is false. While an investigation into potential cyber sabotage was opened , multiple official sources and energy operators in both Spain and Portugal have explicitly ruled out a cyberattack as the cause, attributing the blackout to other technical issues within the power grid . Although there's a general context of potential Russian cyber threats against critical infrastructure , no direct evidence connects Russia to this specific incident.